Are You Prepared for an Earthquake?
Earthquakes are natural phenomena that occur without warning. Even if you live in a low-seismic-activity zone, knowing the right actions can make the difference between safety and danger. In this practical guide, we explain step by step what to do during and after an earthquake, based on recommendations from experts in natural risk management and civil protection.
During the Earthquake: Stay Calm and Act Quickly
If You Are Inside a Building
The most important thing is to protect your head and neck. Follow the rule of three key actions: drop, cover, and hold on.
- Drop immediately to avoid being knocked over by the movement.
- Cover under a sturdy table or desk. If no furniture is nearby, protect your head with your arms and seek an interior corner.
- Hold on firmly to the structure covering you until the shaking stops.
Avoid windows, mirrors, light fixtures, and objects that could fall. Do not use elevators or stairs during the quake. Stay away from exterior walls.
If You Are Outdoors
Move away from buildings, power poles, trees, and any structure that could collapse. Find an open, clear space. If you are on the street, protect your head with your arms and sit on the ground to keep your balance.
If You Are Driving
Stop the vehicle in a safe place, away from bridges, tunnels, poles, and tall buildings. Remain inside the car with your seatbelt on until the shaking stops. Avoid stopping in landslide-prone areas or near cliffs.
After the Earthquake: Assess, Protect, and Communicate
Once the shaking has stopped, it's time to act cautiously. Aftershocks can occur minutes, hours, or even days later, so stay alert.
Check Your Surroundings
- Check for injuries around you and provide first aid if needed. Do not move seriously injured people unless they are in immediate danger.
- Inspect structural damage in your home or building. Look for cracks in walls, ceilings, or columns. If you see serious damage, evacuate immediately.
- Shut off gas, water, and electricity if you detect leaks. Gas is especially dangerous because it can cause explosions and fires.
Communicate Responsibly
Use text messages or messaging apps to contact family and friends. Phone calls overload networks and hinder emergency communication. Tune in to a battery-powered radio or check official sources on social media for updated information.
Avoid Additional Risks
- Do not light matches or candles until you are sure there are no gas leaks.
- Do not use elevators until the building is confirmed safe.
- Stay away from coastal areas if you live near the sea, as an underwater earthquake can trigger a tsunami.
Preparation Before the Earthquake: A Key Step
The best strategy is to be prepared before an earthquake strikes. Assemble an emergency kit with drinking water, non-perishable food, a flashlight, a battery-powered radio, a first aid kit, important documents in a waterproof bag, and a whistle. Define meeting points with your family and practice regular drills.
Additionally, secure tall furniture, shelves, and heavy appliances to the walls. Identify the safest spots in each room and evacuation routes.
Additional Tips for Seismic Zones
If you live in a region with high seismic activity, such as Chile, Peru, or Mexico, it is essential to know local emergency plans. Download early warning apps like Contingencias, which alert you in real time about earthquakes and other natural phenomena. Keep your phone always charged and have an external battery ready.
Remember that prevention saves lives. Share this information with your family and friends so everyone is prepared for an earthquake.